When was ataturk born

Roughly , additional Greeks and Armenians were forced to evacuate on nearby Allied warships, never to return. Mustafa Kemal next threatened to attack Istanbul, which was being occupied by the British and other Allied powers. Fearful for his life, the last Ottoman sultan fled his palace in a British ambulance. A new peace treaty was then signed in July that recognized an independent Turkish state.

Even before he became president, Greece agreed to send some , Muslims to Turkey in exchange for over 1 million Greek Orthodox practitioners. Meanwhile, under Mustafa Kemal, the forced emigration of Armenians continued.

Although Turkey was now almost homogeneously Muslim, Mustafa Kemal deposed the caliph, the theoretical successor to the prophet Muhammad and spiritual leader of the worldwide Muslim community. He also closed all religious courts and schools, prohibited the wearing of headscarves among public sector employees, abolished the ministry of canon law and pious foundations, lifted a ban on alcohol, adopted the Gregorian calendar in place of the Islamic calendar, made Sunday a day of rest instead of Friday, changed the Turkish alphabet from Arabic letters to Roman ones, mandated that the call to prayer be in Turkish rather than Arabic and even forbade the wearing of fez hats.

But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. The chief leader, known as the Sultan, was given absolute First settled in the seventh century B. In A. Syria is home to one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a rich artistic and cultural heritage. From its ancient roots to its recent political instability and the Syrian Civil War, the country has a complex and, at times, tumultuous history.

Ancient Syria Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, c. His father was a minor official and later a timber merchant. In , he served against the Italians in Libya and then in the Balkan Wars - He made his military reputation repelling the Allied invasion at the Dardanelles in This was particularly focused on resisting Greek attempts to seize Smyrna and its hinterland.

Victory over the Greeks enabled him to secure revision of the peace settlement in the Treaty of Lausanne.

He established a single party regime that lasted almost without interruption until Some say it was because of his exceptional mathematically abilities or because it was a nickname given to him by his mathematics teacher.

Other say he adopted the name after the radical nineteenth century poet Namik Kemal. During World War I he led three Ottoman divisions in the defense of the Dardanelles and he was instrumental in the Ottoman defeat and expulsion of the Allied Forces. After the war, from the years and , Mustafa Kemal led a national uprising the Turkish War of Independence against the last Ottoman sultan and the Greeks which laid the foundation of the new Turkish State.

In he became the first president of the Republic of Turkey. He spent the next decade pushing reforms to modernize the country. One of the last reforms centered on family names.