What was the ruling of the dred scott case

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This Day In History. First he offered to buy his freedom from Mrs. Emerson -- then living in St. The offer was refused. Scott then sought freedom through the courts. Scott went to trial in June of , but lost on a technicality -- he couldn't prove that he and Harriet were owned by Emerson's widow. The following year the Missouri Supreme Court decided that case should be retried.

In an retrial, the the St Louis circuit court ruled that Scott and his family were free. Two years later the Missouri Supreme Court stepped in again, reversing the decision of the lower court. Scott and his lawyers then brought his case to a federal court, the United States Circuit Court in Missouri. There was now only one other place to go. Scott appealed his case to the United States Supreme Court.

The nine justices of the Supreme Court of certainly had biases regarding slavery. In , the state court finally declared Scott free. However, Scott's wages had been withheld pending the resolution of his case, and during that time Mrs.

Emerson remarried and left her brother, John Sanford, to deal with her affairs. Sanford, unwilling to pay the back wages owed to Scott, appealed the decision to the Missouri Supreme Court. The court overturned the lower court's decision and ruled in favor of Sanford. Scott then filed another lawsuit in a federal circuit court claiming damages against Sanford's brother, John F. Sanford, for Sanford's alleged physical abuse against him.

The jury ruled that Scott could not sue in federal court because he had already been deemed a slave under Missouri law. Scott appealed to the U. Supreme Court, which reviewed the case in Due to a clerical error at the time, Sanford's name was misspelled in court records.

Taney , ruled that it lacked jurisdiction to take Scott's case because Scott was, or at least had been, a slave. The other stated that any person taken to a free territory automatically became free and could not be re-enslaved upon returning to a slave state. Neither Dred nor Harriet Scott could read or write and they needed both logistical and financial support to plead their case. They received it from their church, abolitionists and an unlikely source, the Blow family who had once owned them.

Since Dred and Harriet Scott had lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory — both free domains — they hoped they had a persuasive case. When they went to trial on June 30, , however, the court ruled against them on a technicality and the judge granted a retrial. The Scotts went to trial again in January and won their freedom.

By this time, Irene had transferred Scott and his family to her brother, John Sandford although it was determined later that she retained ownership. On May 15, , the federal court heard Dred Scott v.

Sandford and ruled against Scott, holding him and his family in slavery. The trial began on February 11, By this time, the case had gained notoriety and Scott received support from many abolitionists, including powerful politicians and high-profile attorneys. But on March 6, , in the infamous Dred Scott decision , Scott lost his fight for freedom again.

Taney became best known for writing the final majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford , which said that all people of African descent, free or enslaved, were not United States citizens and therefore had no right to sue in federal court. In addition, he wrote that the Fifth Amendment protected slave owner rights because enslaved workers were their legal property.

The decision also argued that the Missouri Compromise legislation — passed to balance the power between slave and non-slave states — was unconstitutional. In effect, this meant that Congress had no power to prevent the spread of slavery.

Sandford decision. In an ironic historical footnote, Taney would later swear in Abraham Lincoln , the "Great Emancipator," as president of the United States in By the time the U.

Taylor freed Scott and his family on May 26, Scott found work as a porter in a St. At about 59 years of age, Scott died from tuberculosis on September 17,